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Begging the question: assuming the conclusion
by RS  admin@creationpie.com : 1024 x 640


1. Begging the question: assuming the conclusion
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2. Begging the question: assuming the conclusion
From Aristotle, the "begging the question" fallacy is that of "assuming the conclusion". and is a form of "circular reasoning". The associated logical argument may appear valid, but the hidden assumption is of assuming as true what one wants to prove.

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3. 1 Timothy 4:8 Exercise restraint
Verse route1 Timothy 4:8 For bodily exercise profiteth little: but godliness is profitable unto all things, having promise of the life that now is, and of that which is to come. [kjv]
Verse routeη γαρ σωματικη γυμνασια προς ολιγον εστιν ωφελιμος η δε ευσεβεια προς παντα ωφελιμος εστιν επαγγελιαν εχουσα ζωης της νυν και της μελλουσης [gnt]

Is "bodily" "exercise" "profitable"? What is the objective function? None is provided but one might be inferred.

Is "godliness" "profitable"? What is the objective function? This is added at the end as a "promise".

The reasoning is similar to that attributed to Aristotle and pointed out as a deception of "begging the question" or "assuming the conclusion". In the case of this verse, what Paul (the assumed writer) is claiming is "begging the question" in that he is assuming an objective function (for the latter claim) and then using it to support the claim of "profitable". Logically, then, this verse does not really say anything important.

Information sign More: 2 Timothy 3:13-17 All writings are surely written

4. Kalam barber paradox
Kalam Cosmological Argument: Barber paradox: The barber shaves all those, and those only, who do not shave themselves. Who shaves the barber? Kalam paradox: The universe causes all those, and only those, who do not cause themselves. Who caused the universe?

5. Kalam barber paradox
Barber paradox: The barber shaves all those, and those only, who do not shave themselves. Who shaves the barber?

Kalam paradox: The universe causes all those, and only those, who do not cause themselves. Who caused the universe?

Some choices: It appears that step 1 of the Kalam Cosmological Argument may be "begging the question" or "assuming the conclusion".

If the universe did not create itself (assumed by step 2), then one must go outside the system.

Information sign More: Book: Reasonable Faith: Christian Truth and Apologetics

6. Reasoning issues
Verse routeJohn 13:16 Verily, verily, I say unto you, The servant is not greater than his lord; neither he that is sent greater than he that sent him. [kjv]
Verse routeαμην αμην λεγω υμιν ουκ εστιν δουλος μειζων του κυριου αυτου ουδε αποστολος μειζων του πεμψαντος αυτον [gnt]

Note that some will use an argument called "argumentum a maiori ad minus" which says that if the "greater" is true then the "lesser" must be true.

Another name for this is "Argumentum a fortiori" and appears to require a subset relationship but, in a sense, appears to be circular reasoning or what Aristotle calls "begging the question" as in "assuming the conclusion".

It is not immediately clear how this reasoning applies to this verse.

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7. Intelligent source assumption
Any model that attempts to explain how information can arise by chance cannot assume intelligence as that is what is to be explained.

This is called "begging the question" (a mistranslation of "assuming the initial point").

Note that any model that attributes the origin of information and/or intelligence to "space aliens" cannot be true unless the "space aliens" are outside of space and time. The other explanation is that the Creator must be outside of space and time.

This conclusion follows from the same structural induction arguments related to Godel's incompleteness theorem.

Information sign More: Book: Reasonable Faith: Christian Truth and Apologetics
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8. Arianism
Verse routePhilippians 2:6 Who, being in the form of God, thought it not robbery to be equal with God: [kjv]
Verse routeος εν μορφη θεου υπαρχων ουχ αρπαγμον ηγησατο το ειναι ισα θεω [gnt]
Verse routeformarapinamaequalem … [v]

Trinity cube 1Arianism denied that Jesus was actually equal to God but rather, was born at a given point in time and therefore, was subordinate to God the Father.

The above verse does not say this, but Arius (256-336) interpreted it that way. Aristotle named this type of logical fallacy "begging the question" which means "assuming the conclusion" as in using "circular reasoning".

This heresy is still prevalent today, though many do not realize that it has a name and originated shortly after the time of Jesus.

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Information sign More: Philippians 2:5-8 form of God and Aristotelian causes

9. End of page

by RS  admin@creationpie.com : 1024 x 640