- *G2020 *2 ἐπιφώσκω (ep-ee-foce'-ko) : a form of G2017; to begin to grow light:--begin to dawn, X draw on.
- επιφωσκουση
- Matthew 28:1 In the end of the sabbath, as it began to dawn toward the first day of the week, ...
- επεφωσκεν
- Luke 23:54 ... the preparation, and the sabbath drew on.
14. Luke 23:54
KJV: And that day was the preparation, and the sabbath drew on.
Greek: και ημερα ην παρασκευη παρασκευης και σαββατον επεφωσκεν
15. Leviticus 23:15
Leviticus 23:15 And ye shall count unto you from the morrow after the sabbath, from the day that ye brought the sheaf of the wave offering; seven sabbaths shall be complete: [kjv]
και αριθμησετε υμεις απο της επαυριον των σαββατων απο της ημερας ης αν προσενεγκητε το δραγμα του επιθεματος επτα εβδομαδας ολοκληρους [lxx]
16. Leviticus 23:15
KJV: And ye shall count unto you from the morrow after the sabbath, from the day that ye brought the sheaf of the wave offering; seven sabbaths shall be complete:
Hebrew: וספרתם לכם ממחרת השבת מיום הביאכם את עמר התנופה שבע שבתות תמימת תהיינה׃
Greek: και αριθμησετε υμεις απο της επαυριον των σαββατων απο της ημερας ης αν προσενεγκητε το δραγμα του επιθεματος επτα εβδομαδας ολοκληρους
17. Leviticus 23:38
Leviticus 23:38 Beside the sabbaths of the LORD, and beside your gifts, and beside all your vows, and beside all your freewill offerings, which ye give unto the LORD. [kjv]
πλην των σαββατων κυριου και πλην των δοματων υμων και πλην πασων των ευχων υμων και πλην των εκουσιων υμων α αν δωτε τω κυριω [lxx]
18. Leviticus 23:38
KJV: Beside the sabbaths of the LORD, and beside your gifts, and beside all your vows, and beside all your freewill offerings, which ye give unto the LORD.
Hebrew: מלבד שבתת יהוה ומלבד מתנותיכם ומלבד כל נדריכם ומלבד כל נדבותיכם אשר תתנו ליהוה׃
Greek: πλην των σαββατων κυριου και πλην των δοματων υμων και πλην πασων των ευχων υμων και πλην των εκουσιων υμων α αν δωτε τω κυριω
19. Nehemiah 10:33
Nehemiah 10:33 For the shewbread, and for the continual meat offering, and for the continual burnt offering, of the sabbaths, of the new moons, for the set feasts, and for the holy things, and for the sin offerings to make an atonement for Israel, and for all the work of the house of our God. [kjv]
εις αρτους του προσωπου και θυσιαν του ενδελεχισμου και εις ολοκαυτωμα του ενδελεχισμου των σαββατων των νουμηνιων εις τας εορτας και εις τα αγια και τα περι αμαρτιας εξιλασασθαι περι ισραηλ και εις εργα οικου θεου ημων [lxx]
20. Nehemiah 10:33
KJV: For the shewbread, and for the continual meat offering, and for the continual burnt offering, of the sabbaths, of the new moons, for the set feasts, and for the holy things, and for the sin offerings to make an atonement for Israel, and for all the work of the house of our God.
Hebrew: ללחם המערכת ומנחת התמיד ולעולת התמיד השבתות החדשים למועדים ולקדשים ולחטאות לכפר על ישראל וכל מלאכת בית אלהינו׃
Greek: εις αρτους του προσωπου και θυσιαν του ενδελεχισμου και εις ολοκαυτωμα του ενδελεχισμου των σαββατων των νουμηνιων εις τας εορτας και εις τα αγια και τα περι αμαρτιας εξιλασασθαι περι ισραηλ και εις εργα οικου θεου ημων
21. Ezekiel 22:26
Ezekiel 22:26 Her priests have violated my law, and have profaned mine holy things: they have put no difference between the holy and profane, neither have they shewed difference between the unclean and the clean, and have hid their eyes from my sabbaths, and I am profaned among them. [kjv]
και οι ιερεις αυτης ηθετησαν νομον μου και εβεβηλουν τα αγια μου ανα μεσον αγιου και βεβηλου ου διεστελλον και ανα μεσον ακαθαρτου και του καθαρου ου διεστελλον και απο των σαββατων μου παρεκαλυπτον τους οφθαλμους αυτων και εβεβηλουμην εν μεσω αυτων [lxx]
22. Ezekiel 22:26
KJV: Her priests have violated my law, and have profaned mine holy things: they have put no difference between the holy and profane, neither have they shewed difference between the unclean and the clean, and have hid their eyes from my sabbaths, and I am profaned among them.
Hebrew: כהניה חמסו תורתי ויחללו קדשי בין קדש לחל לא הבדילו ובין הטמא לטהור לא הודיעו ומשבתותי העלימו עיניהם ואחל בתוכם׃
Greek: και οι ιερεις αυτης ηθετησαν νομον μου και εβεβηλουν τα αγια μου ανα μεσον αγιου και βεβηλου ου διεστελλον και ανα μεσον ακαθαρτου και του καθαρου ου διεστελλον και απο των σαββατων μου παρεκαλυπτον τους οφθαλμους αυτων και εβεβηλουμην εν μεσω αυτων
23. Exodus 20:8
Exodus 20:8 Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. [kjv]
μνησθητι την ημεραν των σαββατων αγιαζειν αυτην [lxx]
The
LXX (Septuagint) has (plural)
... the days of the Sabbaths ...
Many other verses (omitted) in the
LXX have a similar idea. The
KJV (King James Version) tends to translate as
singular "
Sabbath" day but the rule applies to
all "
Sabbath" days (plural).
24. Exodus 20:8
KJV: Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy.
Hebrew: זכור את יום השבת לקדשו׃
Greek: μνησθητι την ημεραν των σαββατων αγιαζειν αυτην
25. John 20:19
John 20:19 Then the same day at evening, being the first day of the week, when the doors were shut where the disciples were assembled for fear of the Jews, came Jesus and stood in the midst, and saith unto them, Peace be unto you. [kjv]
ουσης ουν οψιας τη ημερα εκεινη τη μια σαββατων και των θυρων κεκλεισμενων οπου ησαν οι μαθηται δια τον φοβον των ιουδαιων ηλθεν ο ιησους και εστη εις το μεσον και λεγει αυτοις ειρηνη υμιν [gnt]
Greek: the first (day) of the Sabbaths ...
26. John 20:19
KJV: Then the same day at evening, being the first day of the week, when the doors were shut where the disciples were assembled for fear of the Jews, came Jesus and stood in the midst, and saith unto them, Peace be unto you.
Greek: ουσης ουν οψιας τη ημερα εκεινη τη μια των σαββατων και των θυρων κεκλεισμενων οπου ησαν οι μαθηται συνηγμενοι δια τον φοβον των ιουδαιων ηλθεν ο ιησους και εστη εις το μεσον και λεγει αυτοις ειρηνη υμιν
27. Luke 4:16
Luke 4:16 And he came to Nazareth, where he had been brought up: and, as his custom was, he went into the synagogue on the sabbath day, and stood up for to read. [kjv]
και ηλθεν εις ναζαρα ου ην τεθραμμενος και εισηλθεν κατα το ειωθος αυτω εν τη ημερα των σαββατων εις την συναγωγην και ανεστη αναγνωναι [gnt]
Greek: ... in the day of the Sabbaths into the synagogue ...
28. Luke 4:16
KJV: And he came to Nazareth, where he had been brought up: and, as his custom was, he went into the synagogue on the sabbath day, and stood up for to read.
Greek: και ηλθεν εις την ναζαρετ ναζαρα ου ην τεθραμμενος και εισηλθεν κατα το ειωθος αυτω εν τη ημερα των σαββατων εις την συναγωγην και ανεστη αναγνωναι
29. Acts 20:7
Acts 20:7 And upon the first day of the week, when the disciples came together to break bread, Paul preached unto them, ready to depart on the morrow; and continued his speech until midnight. [kjv]
εν δε τη μια των σαββατων συνηγμενων ημων κλασαι αρτον ο παυλος διελεγετο αυτοις μελλων εξιεναι τη επαυριον παρετεινεν τε τον λογον μεχρι μεσονυκτιου [gnt]
[Eutychus - good luck]
30. Acts 20:7
KJV: And upon the first day of the week, when the disciples came together to break bread, Paul preached unto them, ready to depart on the morrow; and continued his speech until midnight.
Greek: εν δε τη μια των σαββατων συνηγμενων των μαθητων του ημων κλασαι αρτον ο παυλος διελεγετο αυτοις μελλων εξιεναι τη επαυριον παρετεινεν τε τον λογον μεχρι μεσονυκτιου
31. 1 Corinthians 16:2
1 Corinthians 16:2 Upon the first day of the week let every one of you lay by him in store, as God hath prospered him, that there be no gatherings when I come. [kjv]
κατα μιαν σαββατου εκαστος υμων παρ εαυτω τιθετω θησαυριζων ο τι εαν ευοδωται ινα μη οταν ελθω τοτε λογιαι γινωνται [gnt]
The
TR (Textus Receptus) has "
of the Sabbaths" (
plural) whereas the Greek has "
of the Sabbath" (
singular).
32. 1 Corinthians 16:2
KJV: Upon the first day of the week let every one of you lay by him in store, as God hath prospered him, that there be no gatherings when I come.
Greek: κατα μιαν σαββατων σαββατου εκαστος υμων παρ εαυτω τιθετω θησαυριζων ο τι αν εαν ευοδωται ινα μη οταν ελθω τοτε λογιαι γινωνται
33. John 20:1 First day of the week
John 20:1 The first day of the week cometh Mary Magdalene early, when it was yet dark, unto the sepulchre, and seeth the stone taken away from the sepulchre. [kjv]
τη δε μια των σαββατων μαρια η μαγδαληνη ερχεται πρωι σκοτιας ετι ουσης εις το μνημειον και βλεπει τον λιθον ηρμενον εκ του μνημειου [gnt]
una autem sabbati … [v]
The
KJV translates as "
week" the Greek word for "
Sabbath". Greek word order:
(the) then first of the Sabbath ...
... came/went early dark yet was ...
34. John 20:1 While it was still dark
John 20:1 The first day of the week cometh Mary Magdalene early, when it was yet dark, unto the sepulchre, and seeth the stone taken away from the sepulchre. [kjv]
τη δε μια των σαββατων μαρια η μαγδαληνη ερχεται πρωι σκοτιας ετι ουσης εις το μνημειον και βλεπει τον λιθον ηρμενον εκ του μνημειου [gnt]
una autem sabbati … [v]
The "Sabbath" ended the previous evening.
The women went before sunrise.
The women could have bought spices early in the morning before daybreak on this first day of the week.
35. John 20:1
KJV: The first day of the week cometh Mary Magdalene early, when it was yet dark, unto the sepulchre, and seeth the stone taken away from the sepulchre.
Greek: τη δε μια των σαββατων μαρια η μαγδαληνη ερχεται πρωι σκοτιας ετι ουσης εις το μνημειον και βλεπει τον λιθον ηρμενον εκ του μνημειου
Latin: una autem sabbati Maria Magdalene venit mane cum adhuc tenebrae essent ad monumentum et videt lapidem sublatum a monumento
Wessex: Una sabbati maria magdalene uenit mane cum adhuc tenebre essent ad monumentum. & uidit lapidem sublatum a monumento. Wytodliche on anan reste-dayge sye magdalenisce Marie com on morgen aer hyt leoht waere to þare berigenne. & hyo ge-seah þaet se stan waes äweig anumen fram þare beregenne.
Wycliffe: And in o dai of the wouke Marie Maudeleyn cam eerli to the graue, whanne it was yit derk. And sche say the stoon moued awei fro the graue.
Tyndale: The morow after the saboth daye came Mary Magdalene erly when it was yet darcke vnto ye sepulcre and sawe the stone taken awaye from ye toumbe.
36. Matthew 28:1
Matthew 28:1 In the end of the sabbath, as it began to dawn toward the first day of the week, came Mary Magdalene and the other Mary to see the sepulchre. [kjv]
οψε δε σαββατων τη επιφωσκουση εις μιαν σαββατων ηλθεν μαρια η μαγδαληνη και η αλλη μαρια θεωρησαι τον ταφον [gnt]
… sabbati … primam sabbati … [v]
The Greek word for "
see" is the word that became the English word
"theory" as in "
something that is seen" (with some ideas).
Matthew has the women visiting when it began to dawn. They would have had to have started while it was yet dark.
37. Matthew 28:1
KJV: In the end of the sabbath, as it began to dawn toward the first day of the week, came Mary Magdalene and the other Mary to see the sepulchre.
Greek: οψε δε σαββατων τη επιφωσκουση εις μιαν σαββατων ηλθεν μαρια η μαγδαληνη και η αλλη μαρια θεωρησαι τον ταφον
Latin: vespere autem sabbati quae lucescit in primam sabbati venit Maria Magdalene et altera Maria videre sepulchrum
38. Matthew 28:2
Matthew 28:2 And, behold, there was a great earthquake: for the angel of the Lord descended from heaven, and came and rolled back the stone from the door, and sat upon it. [kjv]
και ιδου σεισμος εγενετο μεγας αγγελος γαρ κυριου καταβας εξ ουρανου και προσελθων απεκυλισεν τον λιθον και εκαθητο επανω αυτου [gnt]
39. Matthew 28:2
KJV: And, behold, there was a great earthquake: for the angel of the Lord descended from heaven, and came and rolled back the stone from the door, and sat upon it.
Greek: και ιδου σεισμος εγενετο μεγας αγγελος γαρ κυριου καταβας εξ ουρανου και προσελθων απεκυλισεν τον λιθον απο της θυρας και εκαθητο επανω αυτου
40. Mark 16:1
Mark 16:1 And when the sabebath was past, Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James, and Salome, had bought sweet spices, that they might come and anoint him. [kjv]
και διαγενομενου του σαββατου η μαρια η μαγδαληνη και μαρια η του ιακωβου και σαλωμη ηγορασαν αρωματα ινα ελθουσαι αλειψωσιν αυτον [gnt]
Mark, Peter's gospel, has the women buy spices after the Sabbath was past. They will, however, arrive at the grave site at the rising of the sun (next verse).
41. Mark 16:1
KJV: And when the sabebath was past, Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James, and Salome, had bought sweet spices, that they might come and anoint him.
Greek: και διαγενομενου του σαββατουη μαρια η μαγδαληνη και μαρια η του ιακωβου και σαλωμη ηγορασαν αρωματα ινα ελθουσαι αλειψωσιν αυτον
42. Mark 16:2
43. Mark 16:2
KJV: And very early in the morning the first day of the week, they came unto the sepulchre at the rising of the sun.
Greek: και λιαν πρωι της μιας τη μια των σαββατων ερχονται επι το μνημειον ανατειλαντος του ηλιου
Latin: et valde mane una sabbatorum veniunt ad monumentum orto iam sole
44. Mark 16:3
Mark 16:3 And they said among themselves, Who shall roll us away the stone from the door of the sepulchre? [kjv]
και ελεγον προς εαυτας τις αποκυλισει ημιν τον λιθον εκ της θυρας του μνημειου [gnt]
This must have been said before they arrived at the grave.
Note that the stone was rolled away to let the women in, not let Jesus out.
45. Mark 16:3
KJV: And they said among themselves, Who shall roll us away the stone from the door of the sepulchre?
Greek: και ελεγον προς εαυτας τις αποκυλισει ημιν τον λιθον εκ της θυρας του μνημειου
46. Mark 16:4
Mark 16:4 And when they looked, they saw that the stone was rolled away: for it was very great. [kjv]
και αναβλεψασαι θεωρουσιν οτι ανακεκυλισται ο λιθος ην γαρ μεγας σφοδρα [gnt]
47. Mark 16:4
KJV: And when they looked, they saw that the stone was rolled away: for it was very great.
Greek: και αναβλεψασαι θεωρουσιν οτι αποκεκυλισται ανακεκυλισται ο λιθος ην γαρ μεγας σφοδρα
48. Luke 23:56 Spices and ointments
Luke 23:56 And they returned, and prepared spices and ointments; and rested the sabbath day according to the commandment. [kjv]
υποστρεψασαι δε ητοιμασαν αρωματα και μυρα και το μεν σαββατον ησυχασαν κατα την εντολην [gnt]
Luke has the spices prepared before the Sabbath commenced.
49. Luke 23:56
KJV: And they returned, and prepared spices and ointments; and rested the sabbath day according to the commandment.
Greek: υποστρεψασαι δε ητοιμασαν αρωματα και μυρα και το μεν σαββατον ησυχασαν κατα την εντολην
50. Luke 24:1 First day of the week
Luke 24:1 Now upon the first day of the week, very early in the morning, they came unto the sepulchre, bringing the spices which they had prepared, and certain others with them. [kjv]
τη δε μια των σαββατων ορθρου βαθεως επι το μνημα ηλθαν φερουσαι α ητοιμασαν αρωματα [gnt]
Note: How did the women get the spices if there was no time to do it due to the observance of the Sabbath(s)?
51. Luke 24:1
KJV: Now upon the first day of the week, very early in the morning, they came unto the sepulchre, bringing the spices which they had prepared, and certain others with them.
Greek: τη δε μια των σαββατων ορθρου βαθεος ηλθον βαθεως επι το μνημα ηλθαν φερουσαι α ητοιμασαν αρωματα και τινες συν αυταις
52. Luke 24:2 Stone rolled away
Luke 24:2 And they found the stone rolled away from the sepulchre. [kjv]
ευρον δε τον λιθον αποκεκυλισμενον απο του μνημειου [gnt]
53. Luke 24:2
KJV: And they found the stone rolled away from the sepulchre.
Greek: ευρον δε τον λιθον αποκεκυλισμενον απο του μνημειου
54. Luke 24:3
Luke 24:3 And they entered in, and found not the body of the Lord Jesus. [kjv]
εισελθουσαι δε ουχ ευρον το σωμα του κυριου ιησου [gnt]
55. Luke 24:3
KJV: And they entered in, and found not the body of the Lord Jesus.
Greek: και εισελθουσαι δε ουχ ευρον το σωμα του κυριου ιησου
56. First day of the week
On the other hand, some passages might indicate that this is an idiom.
Part of the issue is side-stepped by using the phrase "
the first day of the week" rather than "
after the Sabbaths".
 |
Details are left as a future topic.
|
57. Barnabas 2.4 Sacrifices and burnt offerings
English: For he has made it clear to us through all the prophets that he needs neither sacrifices nor whole burnt offerings nor general offerings, saying on one occasion: (Barnes, p. 383)
Greek: πεφανέρωκεν γὰρ ἡμῖν διὰ πάντων τῶν προφητῶν, ὅτι οὔτε θυσιῶν οὔτε ὁλοκαυτωμάτων οὔτε προσφορῶν ψρῄζει, λέγων ὅτε μέν· Barnabas [2.4]
Discuss:
What does getting rid of "sacrifices" and "burnt offerings" do to the economic viability of the religious institution offering these services - sometimes at marked up or inflated prices?
Do those religious institutions extort and oppress by way of the required compulsion?
Has any religious institution since the time of Jesus attempted or reintroduced required compulsion, albeit in a different appearance? If so, provide examples.
58. Barnabas 2.5 Sacrifices and burnt offerings
English: What is the multitude of your sacrifices to me? says the Lord. I am full of whole burnt offerings, and I do not want the fat of lambs and the blood of bulls and goats, not even if you come to appear before me. For who demanded these things from your hands? Do not continue to trample my court. If you bring fine flour, it is in vain; incense is detestable to me; your new moons and Sabbaths I cannot stand. (Barnes, p. 383)
Greek: Τί μοι πλῆθος τῶν θυσιῶν ὑμῶν; λέγει κύριος. πλήρης εἰμὶ ὁλοκαυτωμάτων, καὶ στέαρ ἀρνῶν καὶ αἷμα ταύρων καὶ τράγων οὐ βούλομαι, οὐδ’ ἂν ἔρχησθε ὀφθῆναί μοι. τίς γὰρ ἐξεζήτησεν ταῦτα ἐκ τῶν χειρῶν ὑμῶν; πατεῖν μου τὴν αὐλὴν οὐ προσθήσεσθε. ἐὰν φέρητε σεμίδαλιν, μάταιον· θυμίαμα βδέλυγμά μοί ἐστιν· τὰς νεομηνίας ὑμῶν καί τά σάββατα οὐκ ἀνέχομαι. Barnabas [2.5]
59. End of page
John 20:1 The first day of the week cometh Mary Magdalene early, when it was yet dark, unto the sepulchre, and seeth the stone taken away from the sepulchre. [kjv]
τη δε μια των σαββατων μαρια η μαγδαληνη ερχεται πρωι σκοτιας ετι ουσης εις το μνημειον και βλεπει τον λιθον ηρμενον εκ του μνημειου [gnt]
una autem sabbati … [v]
Some of the Gospels have, in the Greek, "after the Sabbaths".
Matthew 12:5 Or have ye not read in the law, how that on the sabbath days the priests in the temple profane the sabbath, and are blameless? [kjv]
η ουκ ανεγνωτε εν τω νομω οτι τοις σαββασιν οι ιερεις εν τω ιερω το σαββατον βεβηλουσιν και αναιτιοι εισιν [gnt]
Mark 2:27 And he said unto them, The sabbath was made for man, and not man for the sabbath: [kjv]
και ελεγεν αυτοις το σαββατον δια τον ανθρωπον εγενετο και ουχ ο ανθρωπος δια το σαββατον [gnt]
Mark 15:42 And now when the even was come, because it was the preparation, that is, the day before the sabbath, [kjv]
και ηδη οψιας γενομενης επει ην παρασκευη ο εστιν προσαββατον [gnt]
Luke 23:54 And that day was the preparation, and the sabbath drew on. [kjv]
και ημερα ην παρασκευης και σαββατον επεφωσκεν [gnt]
Mark 16:2 And very early in the morning the first day of the week, they came unto the sepulchre at the rising of the sun. [kjv]
και λιαν πρωι τη μια των σαββατων ερχονται επι το μνημειον ανατειλαντος του ηλιου [gnt]
… una sabbatorum … [v]
