- *G3998 *1 πεντιχρός (pen-tikh-ros') : prolongation from the base of G3993; necessitous:--poor.
- πενιχραν
- Luke 21:2 And he saw also a certain poor widow casting in thither ...
30. Proverbs 28:15
31. Proverbs 28:15
KJV: As a roaring lion, and a ranging bear; so is a wicked ruler over the poor people.
Hebrew: ארי נהם ודב שוקק משל רשע על עם דל׃
Greek: λεων πεινων και λυκος διψων ος τυραννει πτωχος ων εθνους πενιχρου
Latin: leo rugiens et ursus esuriens princeps impius super populum pauperem
Wycliffe: A rorynge lioun, and an hungry bere, is a wickid prince on a pore puple.
32. Matthew 5:3 Fallen poor
Matthew 5:3 Blessed are the poor in spirit: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. [kjv]
μακαριοι οι πτωχοι τω πνευματι οτι αυτων εστιν η βασιλεια των ουρανων [gnt]
beati pauperes spiritu … regnum caelorum [v]
Let us return to the Greek words used in the first Beatitude.
Are the
"poor" "fallen" in some sense? Here are some ideas as paraphrases.
Happy are the poor in spirit. (passive poor)
Happy are the fallen in spirit. (passive fallen)
Happy are those beggars of spirit (active begging)
Why might they be
"happy"? Theirs is the "
kingdom of heaven".
33. Poor always
Matthew 26:11 For ye have the poor always with you; but me ye have not always. [kjv]
παντοτε γαρ τους πτωχους εχετε μεθ εαυτων εμε δε ου παντοτε εχετε [gnt]
Mark 14:7 For ye have the poor with you always, and whensoever ye will ye may do them good: but me ye have not always. [kjv]
παντοτε γαρ τους πτωχους εχετε μεθ εαυτων και οταν θελητε δυνασθε αυτοις παντοτε ευ ποιησαι εμε δε ου παντοτε εχετε [gnt]
John 12:8 For the poor always ye have with you; but me ye have not always. [kjv]
τους πτωχους γαρ παντοτε εχετε μεθ εαυτων εμε δε ου παντοτε εχετε [gnt]
Which fits better in these verses:
☐
"poor" (
destitute,
passive)
☐
"beggars" (
begging,
active)
34. Mark 14:7 Do them good
Mark 14:7 For ye have the poor with you always, and whensoever ye will ye may do them good: but me ye have not always. [kjv]
παντοτε γαρ τους πτωχους εχετε μεθ εαυτων και οταν θελητε δυνασθε αυτοις παντοτε ευ ποιησαι εμε δε ου παντοτε εχετε [gnt]
Jesus does others good.
What does PhD mean?
A PhD means piled higher and deeper.
What did the little girl say what asked if her daddy was a doctor? (PhD)
Yes, but he's the type of doctor that doesn't do anyone any good.
35. Matthew 26:11 Poor always
Matthew 26:11 For ye have the poor always with you; but me ye have not always. [kjv]
παντοτε γαρ τους πτωχους εχετε μεθ εαυτων εμε δε ου παντοτε εχετε [gnt]
Discuss:
Will there always be "poor" as in "destitute" people?
Would income redistribution solve the problem? What is the problem?
[Jubilee Year]
Are those whose goal it is to eliminate world poverty attempting to make Jesus a liar?
Will there always be "poor" as in needing or "begging" for the "Good News"?
Can this problem ever be eliminated? [Great Commission]
36. Matthew 26:11 Poor always
Matthew 26:11 For ye have the poor always with you; but me ye have not always. [kjv]
παντοτε γαρ τους πτωχους εχετε μεθ εαυτων εμε δε ου παντοτε εχετε [gnt]
Discuss:
Does your church have a goal of helping the "poor" as in "destitute"?
Does your church have a goal of helping the "poor" who need or are "begging" for the "Good News"?
How does your church do in accomplishing both goals?
How does your church preach the "Good News" to the "beggars" of the "Good News" and/or to the "destitute"?
Is your church uncomfortable discussing issues such as these?
[Evangelism, Missionaries, Dijkstra and uncomfortable truths]
37. Matthew 26:11
KJV: For ye have the poor always with you; but me ye have not always.
Greek: παντοτε γαρ τους πτωχους εχετε μεθ εαυτων εμε δε ου παντοτε εχετε
38. Mark 14:7
KJV: For ye have the poor with you always, and whensoever ye will ye may do them good: but me ye have not always.
Greek: παντοτε γαρ τους πτωχους εχετε μεθ εαυτων και οταν θελητε δυνασθε αυτους αυτοις παντοτε ευ ποιησαι εμε δε ου παντοτε εχετε
39. John 12:8
KJV: For the poor always ye have with you; but me ye have not always.
Greek: τους πτωχους γαρ παντοτε εχετε μεθ εαυτων εμε δε ου παντοτε εχετε
40. Romans 3:23 All have sinned
Romans 3:23 For all have sinned, and come short of the glory of God; [kjv]
παντες γαρ ημαρτον και υστερουνται της δοξης του θεου [gnt]
If sinners were not allowed in church, there would be no one allowed in church.
The Greek here for
"all" is
plural which means there may be
exceptions. Who might be an exception?
The ancient Greek word
"ἁμαρτία" ≈ "error, mistake, fault, sin" as in, literally,
"not a witness". The Greek for
"glory" is that of
"opinion". Anything that is
"not a witness" for God
"falls short" or
"lags behind" of God's
"opinion" or
"expectation".
In logical reasoning, one should not universally quantify something without specifying the domain to which it applies and how it applies. The "
for all" would appear to refer to "
men" who are not "
God" (as in "
Jesus").
Paraphrase: For all have not been a (good) witness (of God) and not approached the opinion of God
41. Romans 3:23 Glory of God
Romans 3:23 For all have sinned, and come short of the glory of God; [kjv]
παντες γαρ ημαρτον και υστερουνται της δοξης του θεου [gnt]
Do we need to come up to the
"glory" of God? Perhaps a pastor could help us with that seemingly unattainable quest.
"υστερούντα" ≈ "lag behind, be late".
"δόξα" ≈ "opinion, expectation".
Paraphrase: All (with possible exceptions) have not been a (good) witness (for God) and have lagged behind the opinion/expectation of God.
It appears we do not have to reach the level of God. God has an
expectation/opinion of where we should be and we are
lagging behind that
expectation/opinion. This appears to be in line with Eastern Orthodox thought.
42. Plagues
How do these verses from the
OT (Old Testament) of the
LXX (Septuagint) from Psalms relate to the
"poor", the
"destitute", those needing the
"spirit", etc.? Is a theme of "
oppressor" and "
oppressed" present?
Psalms 72:2 He shall judge thy people with righteousness, and thy poor with judgment. [kjv]
κρινειν τον λαον σου εν δικαιοσυνη και τους πτωχους σου εν κρισει [lxx]
82:4 Deliver the poor and needy: rid them out of the hand of the wicked. [kjv]
εξελεσθε πενητα και πτωχον εκ χειρος αμαρτωλου ρυσασθε [lxx]
109:22 For I am poor and needy, and my heart is wounded within me. [kjv]
ρυσαι με οτι πτωχος και πενης εγω ειμι και η καρδια μου τεταρακται εντος μου [lxx]
Sometimes the word is used to refer to "
plague" where many "
fall" or have "
fallen".
43. Psalms 82:4
KJV: Deliver the poor and needy: rid them out of the hand of the wicked.
Hebrew: פלטו דל ואביון מיד רשעים הצילו׃
Greek: εξελεσθε πενητα και πτωχον εκ χειρος αμαρτωλου ρυσασθε
44. Psalms 72:2
KJV: He shall judge thy people with righteousness, and thy poor with judgment.
Hebrew: ידין עמך בצדק וענייך במשפט׃
Greek: κρινειν τον λαον σου εν δικαιοσυνη και τους πτωχους σου εν κρισει
45. Psalms 109:22
KJV: For I am poor and needy, and my heart is wounded within me.
Hebrew: כי עני ואביון אנכי ולבי חלל בקרבי׃
Greek: ρυσαι με οτι πτωχος και πενης εγω ειμι και η καρδια μου τεταρακται εντος μου
46. Matthew 11:5
KJV: The blind receive their sight, and the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, and the deaf hear, the dead are raised up, and the poor have the gospel preached to them.
Greek: τυφλοι αναβλεπουσιν και χωλοι περιπατουσιν λεπροι καθαριζονται και κωφοι ακουουσιν και νεκροι εγειρονται και πτωχοι ευαγγελιζονται
47. The poor in spirit
What exactly was to be done? We see this in the reading done in Luke 4:18 to the assembled congregation.
Here is the story, starting a few verses earlier.
48. Luke 4:18-21
Luke 4:18 The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he hath anointed me to preach the gospel to the poor; he hath sent me to heal the brokenhearted, to preach deliverance to the captives, and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at liberty them that are bruised, [kjv]
πνευμα κυριου επ εμε ου εινεκεν εχρισεν με ευαγγελισασθαι πτωχοις απεσταλκεν με κηρυξαι αιχμαλωτοις αφεσιν και τυφλοις αναβλεψιν αποστειλαι τεθραυσμενους εν αφεσει [gnt]
4:19 To preach the acceptable year of the Lord. [kjv]
κηρυξαι ενιαυτον κυριου δεκτον [gnt]
4:20 And he closed the book, and he gave it again to the minister, and sat down. And the eyes of all them that were in the synagogue were fastened on him. [kjv]
και πτυξας το βιβλιον αποδους τω υπηρετη εκαθισεν και παντων οι οφθαλμοι εν τη συναγωγη ησαν ατενιζοντες αυτω [gnt]
… plicuisset librum … ministro … [v]
… þa boc be-feold … þeigne … [wes]
… closid the book… mynystre… [wy]
… enrollando el libro… ministro… [es]
4:21 And he began to say unto them, This day is this scripture fulfilled in your ears. [kjv]
ηρξατο δε λεγειν προς αυτους οτι σημερον πεπληρωται η γραφη αυτη εν τοις ωσιν υμων [gnt]
49. Isaiah 61:1-2
In Luke 4, Jesus reads from Isaiah in the synagogue and then sits to teach a short lesson. Here is the passage from Isaiah.
Isaiah 61:1 The Spirit of the Lord GOD is upon me; because the LORD hath anointed me to preach good tidings unto the meek; he hath sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and the opening of the prison to them that are bound; [kjv]
πνευμα κυριου επ εμε ου εινεκεν εχρισεν με ευαγγελισασθαι πτωχοις απεσταλκεν με ιασασθαι τους συντετριμμενους τη καρδια κηρυξαι αιχμαλωτοις αφεσιν και τυφλοις αναβλεψιν [lxx]
61:2 To proclaim the acceptable year of the LORD, and the day of vengeance of our God; to comfort all that mourn; [kjv]
καλεσαι ενιαυτον κυριου δεκτον και ημεραν ανταποδοσεως παρακαλεσαι παντας τους πενθουντας [lxx]
The
KJV uses
"meek" but the
LXX, used by Jesus and Matthew, uses
"poor" as in those
"begging".
Jesus stopped after reading the "
acceptable year of the Lord". The part omitted was that of the "
Avenger of Blood". This appears to be the purpose of what is revealed in Revelation.
Jesus was coming only to fulfill the first part. The second part would have to wait until later. This is not what the people wanted to hear.
50. Questions
Do any of the following in the above verse apply to the first Beatitude?
"preach the gospel to the poor"
"heal the brokenhearted"
"preach deliverance to the captives"
"recovering of sight to the blind"
"set at liberty them that are bruised"
For each of these there is a (superficial, humanistic, socialistic) physical reality and a (deeper, theistic) spiritual reality.
Which reality is meant? Are both meant? How is this verse usually taken?
51. Twist of irony
In high school I recognized a paradox.
Pastors, teachers, church people, etc., would make fun of the Jews for not realizing that Jesus was not coming as a conquering King.
Those same people appeared to deny that Jesus was actually coming a second time as a King. He was just coming "in our hearts" or some other story.
One retired pastor in a Sunday School class asserted that the book of Revelation should be taken with a "
big grain of salt".
52. Luke 2:34
Luke 2:34 And Simeon blessed them, and said unto Mary his mother, Behold, this child is set for the fall and rising again of many in Israel; and for a sign which shall be spoken against; [kjv]
και ευλογησεν αυτους συμεων και ειπεν προς μαριαμ την μητερα αυτου ιδου ουτος κειται εις πτωσιν και αναστασιν πολλων εν τω ισραηλ και εις σημειον αντιλεγομενον [gnt]
What is the "
sign which shall be spoken against"?
Will the "poor" or "beggars" "fall"?
Will the "strong" who are without God "fall"?
Did any of this appear in prophecy? What might the following mean pertaining to
"fall" and "
rising"? The verse is at the beginning of Luke where Simeon meets the baby Jesus and makes a prophecy.
Who might it be who will speak against this sign? Might those be the ones involved in the
"fall"? Might those be the
"poor"? Who might "
rise" as in be "
resurrected"?
53. Luke 2:34
KJV: And Simeon blessed them, and said unto Mary his mother, Behold, this child is set for the fall and rising again of many in Israel; and for a sign which shall be spoken against;
Greek: και ευλογησεν αυτους συμεων και ειπεν προς μαριαμ την μητερα αυτου ιδου ουτος κειται εις πτωσιν και αναστασιν πολλων εν τω ισραηλ και εις σημειον αντιλεγομενον
54. Table
Matthew 11:5 The blind receive their sight, and the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, and the deaf hear, the dead are raised up, and the poor have the gospel preached to them. [kjv]
| Six noun‑verb pairs |
| 1. |
blind |
sight |
| 2. |
lame |
walk |
| 3. |
lepers |
cleansed |
| 4. |
deaf |
hear |
| 5. |
dead |
raised |
| 6. |
poor |
gospel |
|
These signs are recognized as "
signs" of the Messiah. Is there a deeper meaning?
Jesus cites six pairs of nouns (representing people) and verbs (representing actions), shortened for table and discussion purposes.
Jesus often uses double meanings here the nouns represent something else while the verbs are carefully chosen. This requires looking at the Greek words in more detail.
55. Matthew 11:5
Matthew 11:5 The blind receive their sight, and the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, and the deaf hear, the dead are raised up, and the poor have the gospel preached to them. [kjv]
τυφλοι αναβλεπουσιν και χωλοι περιπατουσιν λεπροι καθαριζονται και κωφοι ακουουσιν και νεκροι εγειρονται και πτωχοι ευαγγελιζονται [gnt]
Jesus is relating what to tell John the Baptist in prison. It does not say that the "
poor" were "
fed" or that the "
poor" were healed, but that the "
poor" had the Gospel preached to them.
56. Matthew 11:5-6 Bottom-up forward-chaining
Message of Jesus to John the Baptist (in physical prison):
Matthew 11:5 The blind receive their sight, and the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, and the deaf hear, the dead are raised up, and the poor have the gospel preached to them. [kjv]
| Six noun‑verb pairs decoded |
| 6. |
poor=fallen, beggars |
start |
gospel=good news preached |
|
| 5. |
dead=asleep |
then |
raised=wake up you deadhead |
| 4. |
deaf=not listening |
then |
hear=listen and understand |
repent |
| 3. |
lepers=sinners |
then |
cleansed=be born again, cleansed in the blood |
Ask |
| 2. |
lame=passive |
then |
walk=active start walking in righteousness |
Seek |
| 1. |
blind=not seeing |
then |
sight=look up/ahead and see God & others |
Knock |
The
top-down verses (in English) may be more understandable as a
bottom-up progression (as events unfold in time) using the Greek meanings of the words. Approaches to change: (
stop,
repent, be
cleansed and
walk).
11:6 And blessed is he, who soever shall not be offended in me. [kjv]
… blessid… sclaundrid … [wy]
… happy … offended … [ty]
57. Matthew 11:5-6 Diagram
The ways that six items can be ordered is 6! = 6*5*4*3*2*1 =
720 ways. Of these six items in Matthew 11:6, only two sequences fit - forward or backwards. Is this a coincidence?
Matthew 11:5 The blind receive their sight, and the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, and the deaf hear, the dead are raised up, and the poor have the gospel preached to them. [kjv]
11:6 And blessed is he, who soever shall not be offended in me. [kjv]
58. Probability
The ways that six items can be ordered is
6! =
6*5*4*3*2*1 =
720 ways. Of these six items in Matthew 11:6, only
two sequences fit - forward or backwards. That is, a probability of
1 in
360. There are
360 days in a prophetic year. Is any of this a coincidence?
59. Review of misinterpretations
Matthew 11:5 The blind receive their sight, and the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, and the deaf hear, the dead are raised up, and the poor have the gospel preached to them. [kjv]
11:6 And blessed is he, who soever shall not be offended in me. [kjv]
… blessid… sclaundrid … [wy]
… happy … offended … [ty]
| blind |
look up |
| lame |
walk |
| lepers |
cleansed |
| deaf |
hear |
| dead |
woken up |
| poor |
gospel preached |
|
Having discovered a deeper meaning to Matthew 11:5, how might someone "misinterpret" what Jesus has said?
What should the church be doing?
What should believers be doing?
|
Discuss: Do churches or believers ever get "
ensnared" or "
misinterpret" in helping the poor, the blind, those without clothes, in prison, etc., and lose sight of the real purpose of Jesus? Many of those words used by Jesus have double meanings.
How many are like those picked by Gideon?
60. Matthew 6:11 Panera Bread
Matthew 6:11 Give us this day our daily bread. [kjv]
τον αρτον ημων τον επιουσιον δος ημιν σημερον [gnt]
panem nostrum supersubstantialem … hodie [v]
… dayghwamlice hlaf syle … to dayg. [wes]
… pan … [es]
The Latin word
"pane" ≈ "bread" and is the source of the name of
"Panera Bread", literally
"Bread Bread". The Spanish word
"pan" ≈ "bread, loaf".
The English word
"lord" is from "
loaf guarder" or "
loaf ward" (try letting the "
f" disappear) where
"loaf" was the word for
"bread", like Latin "
f" in
"fabulor" ≈ "speak, talk" which became English
fable to Spanish "
h" in
"hablar" ≈ "speak".
Have you ever been to Punera Bread?
Bread puns happen when you yeast expect it. I tell puns because it is the way I was bread.
61. Bread
62. Matthew 4:4
KJV: But he answered and said, It is written, Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of God.
Greek: ο δε αποκριθεις ειπεν γεγραπται ουκ επ αρτω μονω ζησεται ο ανθρωπος αλλ επι παντι ρηματι εκπορευομενω δια στοματος θεου
Latin: qui respondens dixit scriptum est non in pane solo vivet homo sed in omni verbo quod procedit de ore Dei
63. John 6:26,60
John 6:26 Jesus answered them and said, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Ye seek me, not because ye saw the miracles, but because ye did eat of the loaves, and were filled. [kjv]
απεκριθη αυτοις ο ιησους και ειπεν αμην αμην λεγω υμιν ζητειτε με ουχ οτι ειδετε σημεια αλλ οτι εφαγετε εκ των αρτων και εχορτασθητε [gnt]
Many of the "
poor" followed Jesus to get the
"bread" (
fish and chips crowd) or to be "
healed". Many of the disciples of Jesus would leave him when they found out what he was all about. A few verses later, the effect is seen.
6:60 Many therefore of his disciples, when they had heard this, said, This is an hard saying; who can hear it? [kjv]
πολλοι ουν ακουσαντες εκ των μαθητων αυτου ειπαν σκληρος εστιν ο λογος ουτος τις δυναται αυτου ακουειν [gnt]
The ancient Greek word
"σκληρός" ≈ "hard, harsh" as in a
"hard" heart and is the source of the English word
"arteriosclerosis" as a "
hardening of the arteries".
64. Fish and chips
65. John 6:26
KJV: Jesus answered them and said, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Ye seek me, not because ye saw the miracles, but because ye did eat of the loaves, and were filled.
Greek: απεκριθη αυτοις ο ιησους και ειπεν αμην αμην λεγω υμιν ζητειτε με ουχ οτι ειδετε σημεια αλλ οτι εφαγετε εκ των αρτων και εχορτασθητε
66. John 6:60
KJV: Many therefore of his disciples, when they had heard this, said, This is an hard saying; who can hear it?
Greek: πολλοι ουν ακουσαντες εκ των μαθητων αυτου ειπον ειπαν σκληρος εστιν ουτος ο λογος ουτος τις δυναται αυτου ακουειν
Latin: multi ergo audientes ex discipulis eius dixerunt durus est hic sermo quis potest eum audire
Wessex: Manega hys leorning-cnihte cwaeðen þa hyo þis ge-hyrden. Heard ys þeos spraece hwa maeg hyo ge-hyran.
Tyndale: Many of his disciples when they had herde this sayde: this is an herde sayinge: who can abyde the hearinge of it?
Gothic: thanuh managai gahausjandans thize siponje is qethun: hardu ist thata waurd, hvas mag this hausjon?
67. John 6:66-70 Down to twelve disciples
68. John 6:66
KJV: From that time many of his disciples went back, and walked no more with him.
Greek: εκ τουτου πολλοι απηλθον εκ των μαθητων αυτου απηλθον εις τα οπισω και ουκετι μετ αυτου περιεπατουν
69. John 6:67
KJV: Then said Jesus unto the twelve, Will ye also go away?
Greek: ειπεν ουν ο ιησους τοις δωδεκα μη και υμεις θελετε υπαγειν
70. John 6:68
KJV: Then Simon Peter answered him, Lord, to whom shall we go? thou hast the words of eternal life.
Greek: απεκριθη ουν αυτω σιμων πετρος κυριε προς τινα απελευσομεθα ρηματα ζωης αιωνιου εχεις
71. John 6:69
KJV: And we believe and are sure that thou art that Christ, the Son of the living God.
Greek: και ημεις πεπιστευκαμεν και εγνωκαμεν οτι συ ει ο χριστος ο υιος αγιος του θεου του ζωντος
72. John 6:70
KJV: Jesus answered them, Have not I chosen you twelve, and one of you is a devil?
Greek: απεκριθη αυτοις ο ιησους ουκ εγω υμας τους δωδεκα εξελεξαμην και εξ υμων εις διαβολος εστιν
73. Fishing and hunting
|
|
Give a man a fish and
you feed him for a day.
Teach a man to fish and
you feed him for a lifetime.
|
Alternate versions:
Teach a man to fish. What happens?
You will never see him on weekends.
Teach a man to hunt. What happens?
You will never see him on weekends.
74. Stupid things
Matthew 5:3 Blessed are the poor in spirit: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. [kjv]
μακαριοι οι πτωχοι τω πνευματι οτι αυτων εστιν η βασιλεια των ουρανων [gnt]
beati pauperes spiritu … regnum caelorum [v]
Jesus will use the same word for
"poor" as in
"beggars" in a compound word in the Sermon on the Mount right
after the Lord's Prayer in Matthew 6.
The ancient Greek word
"παράπτωσις" ≈ "impetuous pursuit, going astray". The parts of the word mean, literally, going
"beyond falling" as in "
fault" of imperfection.
6:14 For if ye forgive men their trespasses, your heavenly Father will also forgive you: [kjv]
εαν γαρ αφητε τοις ανθρωποις τα παραπτωματα αυτων αφησει και υμιν ο πατηρ υμων ο ουρανιος [gnt]
75. Matthew 6:14-15 Going astray in pursuit
Matthew 6:14 For if ye forgive men their trespasses, your heavenly Father will also forgive you: [kjv]
εαν γαρ αφητε τοις ανθρωποις τα παραπτωματα αυτων αφησει και υμιν ο πατηρ υμων ο ουρανιος [gnt]
6:15 But if ye forgive not men their trespasses, neither will your Father forgive your trespasses. [kjv]
εαν δε μη αφητε τοις ανθρωποις τα παραπτωματα αυτων ουδε ο πατηρ υμων αφησει τα παραπτωματα υμων [gnt]
… dimiseritis … dimittet peccata … [v]
The word often translated as
"trespass" is the ancient Greek word
"παράπτωσις" ≈ "impetuous pursuit, going astray". The parts of the word mean, literally, going
"beyond falling" as in "
fault" of imperfection.
The ancient Greek word "παρά" ≈ "beyond" and, in this case, "excessive".
The ancient Greek word "πτῶσις" ≈ "falling, failing". In the Beatitudes, the Greek word is used to describe those who are "poor" "beggars" in "spirit" and need the "good news".
A general English phrase for this might be
"stupid things" that are done (by you or others).
76. Forgiveness hierarchy
Here is a forgiveness hierarchy, perhaps exaggerated at the outer level.
Which is easier? Which is harder?
Forgive others of their "trespasses", sins or debts against you.
Forgive others of their "trespasses", sins or debts that could be against anyone.
Forgive others of their "impetuous pursuit" or "falling down" or "stupid things" done that should not be done, even if it is not a trespass, sin or debt.
Discuss: What implication does this have for advocating political or social change?
77. Matthew 5:3 Summary and paraphrase
Matthew 5:3 Blessed are the poor in spirit: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. [kjv]
μακαριοι οι πτωχοι τω πνευματι οτι αυτων εστιν η βασιλεια των ουρανων [gnt]
beati pauperes spiritu … regnum caelorum [v]
Paraphrase: Happy and content are the fallen who lack and beg for the Holy Spirit of God since the kingdom of heaven is now made available to them.
Who might be the
not "poor" "beggars" be who would
not be
happy if those
"poor" "beggars" now have access to the "
kingdom of heaven" without their "
yoke of oppression"?
How does
your church preach the "
Good News" to the
"poor" "beggars" of the "
Good News" and/or to the
"poor" "destitute"?
78. Matthew 5:4 Good grief: the consolation prize of comfort
Matthew 5:4 Blessed are they that mourn: for they shall be comforted. [kjv]
μακαριοι οι πενθουντες οτι αυτοι παρακληθησονται [gnt]
beati qui lugent quoniam ipsi consolabuntur [v]
The important words in this second Beatitude in Matthew 5 are the following.
"blessed" as "happy" and not "fortunate" (different Greek word).
"mourn" and not "grieve".
"comforted" and not "consoled" (different Greek word).
The first Beatitude is in the
present tense. The second (here) and the others are in the
future tense. This might be important.
The Latin word
"lugeo" ≈ "mourn, lament".
79. End of page
Matthew 5:1 And seeing the multitudes, he went up into a mountain: and when he was set, his disciples came unto him: [kjv]
ιδων δε τους οχλους ανεβη εις το ορος και καθισαντος αυτου προσηλθαν αυτω οι μαθηται αυτου [gnt]
The KJV (King James Version) translates as "into a mountain" what in the Greek is "into the mountain" (definite article) as a specific but unnamed mountain.
Matthew 5:1 And seeing the multitudes, he went up into a mountain: and when he was set, his disciples came unto him: [kjv]
ιδων δε τους οχλους ανεβη εις το ορος και καθισαντος αυτου προσηλθαν αυτω οι μαθηται αυτου [gnt]
It appears that Jesus was getting away from the crowds. Jesus had many disciples, not just the 12 remaining at the end. So the Beatitudes "teachings" are a private briefing these disciples.
Matthew 4:17 From that time Jesus began to preach, and to say, Repent: for the kingdom of heaven is at hand. [kjv]
απο τοτε ηρξατο ο ιησους κηρυσσειν και λεγειν μετανοειτε ηγγικεν γαρ η βασιλεια των ουρανων [gnt]
… praedicare … paenitentiam … adpropinquavit … regnum caelorum [v]
Matthew 9:12 But when Jesus heard that, he said unto them, They that be whole need not a physician, but they that are sick. [kjv]
ο δε ακουσας ειπεν ου χρειαν εχουσιν οι ισχυοντες ιατρου αλλα οι κακως εχοντες [gnt]
at Iesus audiens ait non est opus valentibus medico sed male habentibus [v]
Matthew 9:12 But when Jesus heard that, he said unto them, They that be whole need not a physician, but they that are sick. [kjv]
9:13 But go ye and learn what that meaneth, I will have mercy, and not sacrifice: for I am not come to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance. [kjv]
Matthew 21:31 Whether of them twain did the will of his father? They say unto him, The first. Jesus saith unto them, Verily I say unto you, That the publicans and the harlots go into the kingdom of God before you. [kjv]
τις εκ των δυο εποιησεν το θελημα του πατρος λεγουσιν ο υστερος λεγει αυτοις ο ιησους αμην λεγω υμιν οτι οι τελωναι και αι πορναι προαγουσιν υμας εις την βασιλειαν του θεου [gnt]
Matthew 5:3 Blessed are the poor in spirit: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. [kjv]
μακαριοι οι πτωχοι τω πνευματι οτι αυτων εστιν η βασιλεια των ουρανων [gnt]
beati pauperes spiritu … regnum caelorum [v]
Matthew 5:3 Blessed are the poor in spirit: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. [kjv]
μακαριοι οι πτωχοι τω πνευματι οτι αυτων εστιν η βασιλεια των ουρανων [gnt]
beati pauperes spiritu … regnum caelorum [v]
The Latin word "beati" ≈ "happy, fortunate, blessed" and is the origin of the English word "beatitude" and the name of the "Beatitudes". Latin has one word as "fortunate" for which Greek has two separate words:
In English, both words are merged as one "blessed" and, historically, conflated with the word "bliss" which is associated with "joy".
Matthew 5:3 Blessed are the poor in spirit: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. [kjv]
μακαριοι οι πτωχοι τω πνευματι οτι αυτων εστιν η βασιλεια των ουρανων [gnt]
beati pauperes spiritu … regnum caelorum [v]
Matthew 5:3 Blessed are the poor in spirit: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. [kjv]
μακαριοι οι πτωχοι τω πνευματι οτι αυτων εστιν η βασιλεια των ουρανων [gnt]
Luke 6:20 And he lifted up his eyes on his disciples, and said, Blessed be ye poor: for yours is the kingdom of God. [kjv]
και αυτος επαρας τους οφθαλμους αυτου εις τους μαθητας αυτου ελεγεν μακαριοι οι πτωχοι οτι υμετερα εστιν η βασιλεια του θεου [gnt]
Matthew 5:1 And seeing the multitudes, he went up into a mountain: and when he was set, his disciples came unto him: [kjv]
ιδων δε τους οχλους ανεβη εις το ορος και καθισαντος αυτου προσηλθαν αυτω οι μαθηται αυτου [gnt]
Jesus addresses the disciples as believers directly. Pastors often preach as if the Sermon on the Mount (the Beatitudes, etc.) was to a large crowd and applies to everyone in the crowd. Some raise doubt that this was on a mountain. Some suggest a field with the rest of the crowd.
Luke 6:20 And he lifted up his eyes on his disciples, and said, Blessed be ye poor: for yours is the kingdom of God. [kjv]
και αυτος επαρας τους οφθαλμους αυτου εις τους μαθητας αυτου ελεγεν μακαριοι οι πτωχοι οτι υμετερα εστιν η βασιλεια του θεου [gnt]
Luke 21:2 And he saw also a certain poor widow casting in thither two mites. [kjv]
ειδεν δε τινα χηραν πενιχραν βαλλουσαν εκει λεπτα δυο [gnt]
… pauperculam … [v]
Proverbs 28:15 As a roaring lion, and a ranging bear; so is a wicked ruler over the poor people. [kjv]
λεων πεινων και λυκος διψων ος τυραννει πτωχος ων εθνους πενιχρου [lxx]
… impius … pauperem [v]
Matthew 6:11 Give us this day our daily bread. [kjv]
τον αρτον ημων τον επιουσιον δος ημιν σημερον [gnt]
panem nostrum supersubstantialem … hodie [v]
… dayghwamlice hlaf syle … to dayg. [wes]
yyue … dai …breed … othir substaunce… [wy]
Geve … daye … dayly breede. [ty]
Unser täglich Brot gib … heute. [lu]
4:4 But he answered and said, It is written, Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of God. [kjv]
ο δε αποκριθεις ειπεν γεγραπται ουκ επ αρτω μονω ζησεται ο ανθρωπος αλλ επι παντι ρηματι εκπορευομενω δια στοματος θεου [gnt]
… pane solo … [v]
John 6:66 From that time many of his disciples went back, and walked no more with him. [kjv]
6:67 Then said Jesus unto the twelve, Will ye also go away? [kjv]
ειπεν ουν ο ιησους τοις δωδεκα μη και υμεις θελετε υπαγειν [gnt]
6:68 Then Simon Peter answered him, Lord, to whom shall we go? thou hast the words of eternal life. [kjv]
6:69 And we believe and are sure that thou art that Christ, the Son of the living God. [kjv]
6:70 Jesus answered them, Have not I chosen you twelve, and one of you is a devil? [kjv]
απεκριθη αυτοις ο ιησους ουκ εγω υμας τους δωδεκα εξελεξαμην και εξ υμων εις διαβολος εστιν [gnt]
